TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introductory Page Page no.
1.1 Preface 1
1.2 Acknowledgement 2
1.3 No Objection Certificate 3
1.4 Declaration 4
1.5 Certificate of Supervisor (guide) 5
2. Chapters
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Objective of study 7
2.3 Need for the study 8
2.4 Limitations of the Project 9
2.5 Methodology 10
2.6 Sources of data 11
3. Concept of JIT
3.1 Introduction (what is JIT) 12- 14
3.2 History of JIT in India 14 – 17
3.3 Advantages of JIT 18
3.4 Disadvantages of JIT 19
3.5 JIT :A Philosophy 19 - 29
3.6 JIT significance in manufacturing Industries 30 - 32
3.7 JIT significance in Service Industries 33 - 41
3.8 JIT in Toyota 41
3.9 JIT in Infosys 42 - 52
3.10 JIT & managers Dilemma 52 - 55
3.11 Cost cutting By JIT 55 - 59
3.12 A Comparative view of Productivity 59 - 62
4. Analytical study JIT different Product Stages 63 - 67
5. Suggestions and Recommendation 67 - 69
6. Conclusion 70
7. Summary of the Project Report 72
8. Bibliography 72-75
9:List Of Diagrams & Tables 76-78
PREFACE
India is definitely poised for growth and become a dominant participant in world growth in coming years. With all the ingredients intact, we as a country need to find the right growth engines which will take us to the growth tractor and make us an economic superpower. The material is based on the research work carried out by the authors and will provide the managers with sound practical advice on how to initiate and implement Total Quality Management.The work covers all main aspects of INFOSYS and an attempts has been made to structure the work in the sequence by which the organization should set about JIT movement. Secondly in this context “ JUST IN TIME :Present Scenario in Indian Industries” is a great opportunity for me to do this knowledgeable project because the recent developments and the current state of just In Time from a global perspective. What is the status quo of JIT in both developed and developing nations is one of the major questions answered as this benchmarking approach leads to a continuous quality improvement, which is said to be the essence of modern quality management and of management generally.
There is considerable interest from manufacturing and service industries particularly public sector organizations, commerce and service sector in the subject INFOSYS and the process of quality improvement.
This project is one of the essential parts towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement of SCDL’s Two Year PGDBA Programme. In this line I had an opportunity to undergo in depth study this of management philosophy i.e JIT
INTRODUCTION
JIT :An Inherent Continuous approach Towards INFOSYS
What is Total Quality Management?
Success in our modern business world depends greatly on the right approach to manage a business. Businesses have to deal with tough competition and new technological challenges.
Quality of Product and Service becomes more important.
Quality of Product and Service becomes more important.
One promising Approach is Total Quality Management.
Total Quality Management
Is defined as:
a Management method relying on the cooperation of all members of an organisation. A Management method that centers on Quality and on the long-term success of the organisation through the satisfaction of the Customers, ass well as the benefit of all its members and society.
a Management method relying on the cooperation of all members of an organisation. A Management method that centers on Quality and on the long-term success of the organisation through the satisfaction of the Customers, ass well as the benefit of all its members and society.
The pillars of Total Quality Management are T Q M
T stands for Total
It is the Integration of the Staff, Suppliers, Customers and other Stakeholders. Away from Party-specific Thinking to a more holistic approach.
Q stands for Quality
It is the Quality of the work and the process of the Enterprise leading to Quality of Products.
M for Management
It stresses the leadership task "Quality" and the Quality of leadership. From a scientific point of view INFOSYS can count as school of Leadership. From the enterprises point of viewINFOSYS can be seen as a Leadership Model.
The Fate of New Concept: JIT
Even so often new management concepts are launched into the business world. Conferences are hastily arranged to inform (or sometimes misinform) an eager public. Experts appear from nowhere and for a while the media are filled with accounts from both advocates and skeptics alike.
At one time the source of such concept was mainly the United States.
JIT is a philosophy of continuous improvement in which non-value-adding activities (or wastes) are identified and removed for the purposes of:
 Reducing Cost | Improving Quality | Improving Performance |
| Improving Delivery | Adding Flexibility | Increase innovativeness |
JIT is not about automation. JIT eliminates waste by providing the environment to perfect and simplify the processes. JIT is a collection of techniques used to improve operations It can also be a new production system that is used to produce goods or services.
The American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) has the following definition of JIT:
"a philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and continuous improvement of productivity. It encompasses the successful execution of all manufacturing activities required to produce a final product, from design engineering to delivery and including all stages of conversion from raw material onward. The primary elements include having only the required inventory when needed; to improve quality to zero defects; to reduce lead time by reducing setup times, queue lengths and lot sizes; to incrementally revise the operations themselves; and to accomplish these things at minimum cost."
When the JIT principles are implemented successfully, significant competitive advantages are realized. JIT principles can be applied to all parts of an organization: order taking, purchasing, operations, distribution, sales, accounting, design, etc.
Elimination of Waste:
JIT usually indentifies seven prominent types of waste to be eliminated:| Waste from Overproduction | Waste of waiting/idle time |
| Transportation Waste | Inventory Waste |
| Processing Waste | Waste of Motion |
| Waste from Product Defects |
Just in time production (JIT)
Just in time is a ‘pull’ system of production, so actual orders provide a signal for when a product should be manufactured. Demand-pull enables a firm to produce only what is required, in the correct quantity and at the correct time.
This means that stock levels of raw materials, components, work in progress and finished goods can be kept to a minimum. This requires a carefully planned scheduling and flow of resources through the production process. Modern manufacturing firms use sophisticated production scheduling software to plan production for each period of time, which includes ordering the correct stock. Information is exchanged with suppliers and customers through EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) to help ensure that every detail is correct.
Supplies are delivered right to the production line only when they are needed. For example, a car manufacturing plant might receive exactly the right number and type of tyres for one day’s production, and the supplier would be expected to deliver them to the correct loading bay on the production line within a very narrow time slot.
Advantages of JIT
- Lower stock holding means a reduction in storage space which saves rent and insurance costs.
- As stock is only obtained when it is needed, less working capital is tied up in stock.
- There is less likelihood of stock perishing, becoming obsolete or out of date.
- Avoids the build-up of unsold finished product that can occur with sudden changes in demand.
- Less time is spent on checking and re-working the product of others as the emphasis is on getting the work right first time.
- There is little room for mistakes as minimal stock is kept for re-working faulty product.
- Production is very reliant on suppliers and if stock is not delivered on time, the whole production schedule can be delayed.
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